Myint Kywe 先生
組織空手 Soshiki Karate クラブのチーフインストラクター
ဆိုရွိကိ ကရာေတးအသင္း နည္းျပခ်ဳပ္
ဦးျမင့္ၾကြယ္ ( ၿမိဳ ႔မ ျမင့္ၾကြယ္ )
Soshiki Karate School組織空手 Soshiki Karate クラブのチーフインストラクター
(松濤館 空手 style)
作家、歴史家,ビルマ（ミャンマー）
Embusen (演武線) is a Japanese term used in karate to refer to the spot where a kata begins, as well as its line of movement. Nearly all kata
start and end on exactly the same embusen point. This word is also commonly romanized as enbusen. First of
all, we must understand the concept of embusen 演武線. Embusen is
literally “the performance line.”
The word ‘embu’ 演武 means performance.
Sen 線 is line.
演–Act,
perform, play
武– Martial,
manly, strong, mighty, brave, power of fighting
線 – A line,
wire, a lane, a track, a figure, a level
This is simply the line that the person
follows when he is ‘performing’ the kata.
That line used in martial arts as a guide in kata
practice. Embusen is the line or pattern that a kata follows in its
performance. It is the tool that teaches proper movement, stance, kamae "posture", how
stances and movement apply to the particular tactic/technique applied in any
given situation or action.
The embusen line is different for each kata.
It has
a start point and end point. It is a blueprint for kata practice.
The embusen line varies for each series of
kata. It is, for example, a straight line for the Shōtōkan Tekki series of kata. It follows the form
of a capital letter I for the Heian series of kata, as well as for the Taikyoku series.
More advanced kata, such as Shotokan's Kanku-Dai, Nijushiho, for example, have increasingly
more complex embusen to train the
practitioner in more advanced defensive angles and footwork.
For any kata, the embusen is fixed and must
be followed exactly for proper mastery of the style.
Embusen is that line that
also provides guidance as to proper stance to the technique associated with
it. Each technique has a specific stance, posture, pose, etc. that maximizes
that techniques application.
When
you follow embusen it provides a means to indicate if a stance is properly
assumed or not which affects the applied technique. A blueprint if you will.
It also provides you a means to orient the body to the proper directions, stances, postures, and application of techniques for range, targeting, etc. If you are not orienting your body and direction properly it will show in the initial stages by a loss of proper embusen. You can say it teaches using movement and kamae to cover distance and to gain proper distance to target for the particular technique in the kata.
The centre of gravity is very
important in relation to stability. If a
line through the centre of gravity falls within the structures base then it
will remain stable.
A body whose Center of
Gravity is above its base of support will be stable if a vertical line downward
from the Center of Gravity falls within the base of support.
The Critical Point is reached when the Center of Gravity is no longer above the base of support.
It also provides you a means to orient the body to the proper directions, stances, postures, and application of techniques for range, targeting, etc. If you are not orienting your body and direction properly it will show in the initial stages by a loss of proper embusen. You can say it teaches using movement and kamae to cover distance and to gain proper distance to target for the particular technique in the kata.
Embusen line
varies for each series of kata. For example, this stroke "(I)" is a straight line for Shotokan Tekki
kata series. Then, it
follows the form of the letter I
(or) H for the Taikyoku / Heian / Pinan series.
More advanced kata as Shotokan's
Kanku-dai and
Gojūshiho dai kata,
, for example, has become more complex
embusen to train
students in more advanced defensive
angles and footwork. Each kata is embusenen fixed and
must be followed exactly for proper mastery of style.
While many attempts over the decades and more has been done to document the most fighting styles, the majority of training is best taught person-to-person, where most details are taught orally and visually. This is also a well-balanced description of the concept embusen.
While many attempts over the decades and more has been done to document the most fighting styles, the majority of training is best taught person-to-person, where most details are taught orally and visually. This is also a well-balanced description of the concept embusen.
It offers a
perspective that should provide a good basis for further development. The material is advanced,
intended to read The Best Karate books
of master Masatoshi Nakayama in detail presenting
the motion in each kata. The reader is expected to know or have access to information about the different steps and techniques in each kata.
M. Nakayama 首席師範 Shuseki Shihan wrote many
books on karate, perhaps most notably the 11-volume Best Karate series. He also
had many video productions credited to him. Nakayama's books include: Practical
Karate: A guide to everyman's self-defense (1963, co-authored), Practical
Karate: Defense against an unarmed assailant (1963, co-authored), Dynamic Karate:
(1966 and also re-printed: 1986),
and Best Karate: Comprehensive (1977).These are excellent
karate books for beginners and advanced Karate-ka alike, and clearly
demonstrates a wide range of Karate techniques that are practiced in
Shotokan Karate.
One of the best features of the books are that most of the photographs show M. Nakayama 首席師範 Shuseki Shihan
himself performing techniques.
All
the basic points of karate arranged systematically for effective learning, step
by step--the parts of the body used as natural weapons, the stances, how to
block, how to attack and introduction to the kata and to kumite.
Karate has certainly come a long way since the teachings of
Funakoshi Sensei, and this book demonstrates the JKA method
of examining and teaching Karate along scientific lines.
To accompany each section based on the Kihon. Kata and Kumite
foundations of Karate - Dachi, Tsuki, Uke, Uchi and Keri - comes a scientific
study of each technique.
Through this, M.Nakayama Sensei’s objective was to
scientifically make Karate techniques more effective and better for our bodies.
What makes this even easier to follow is the ‘Things to avoid’ section to each
technique, providing greater guidance.
Center of gravity, stability
and balance
The Critical Point is reached when the Center of Gravity is no longer above the base of support.
Stances are not fixed positions that are
held when you are free fighting.
Force in Karate
There is one totally important formula when
it comes to forces, F = ma. That's all there
is, but everything revolves around that formula.
"F" is the total (net) force,
"m" is the object's mass, and "a" is the acceleration
that occurs.
As a sentence, "The net
force applied to the object equals the mass of the object multiplied by the
amount of its acceleration." The net force acting on the soccer
ball is equal to the mass of the soccer ball multiplied by its change in
velocity each second (its acceleration). Do you remember
the wind gently blowing on the soccer ball? The force acting on the ball was
very small because the mass of air was very small. Small masses generally exert
small forces, which generally result in small accelerations (changes in
motion).
Power in
karate
The
first thing you must understand is what power is. It is a measure of the work
you do. The whole deal relies on a very simple concept:
That’s
it. You must understand that before moving any karate methods. Perhaps
the simple way to say it is this - 'To produce power, you must do something
for a period of time.' For a cycling pedal stroke, we are primarily
concerned with the FORCE (your torque input) and TIME (how long
you do it); this is why they are in bold in our equation. The distance
is the size of the circle your wheel or crank turns (depending on where we
measure).
首席師範 Shuseki Shihan Gichin Funakoshi
Sensei Gichin Funakoshi was born in Shuri, Okinawa in 1868. As a young boy he was trained
by two masters of that time in slightly different styles. From Master
Yasutsune Azato he was instructed in "Shuri-te" and from Master
Yasutsune Itosu he was instructed "Naha-te". It would be
from the joining of these two styles that would one day become
Shotokan Karate.
He
moved to Japan to popularise the 'Way of The Empty Hand' (literal
translation of "Karate") in early 1922. Established his own Dojo
and began to teach Karate to many professional people in Tokyo. The J.K.A.
was formed and became a centre of excellence in the Karate world. From
there highly trained Instructors were sent out to different areas of the
world to promote Karate.
Sensei Guichin Funakoshi passed away in 1957 at the age of 88. 首席師範 Shuseki Shihan Masatoshi Nakayama  Sensei Masatoshi Nakayama was born in 1913 and
began training in Karate under the great master Funakoshi Gichin in 1931. After
graduating from Takushoko University in 1937 he went to Peking to
study Chinese, whilst there he also studied various styles of Chinese
fighting. He became the 2nd Chief Instructor of the JKA after Sensei
Funakoshi passed away in November 1957.  Sensei Masatoshi Nakayama passed away on April 15th, 1987 at the age of 74. He held the grade of 10thDan.
首席師範 Shuseki Shihan Hirokazu Kanazawa
Sensei Hirokazu Kanazawa (b. 1931) trained under Sensei Nakayama
and became one of the J.K.A.`s most gifted students. He was one of the
first three JKA Instructors to qualify from the famous JKA Instructors Training
Course in 1956 (with Mikami and Takura), and won the first JKA
Kumite Championship in 1957 (with a broken hand) and the Kata in 1958 (sharing
the Kumite honours with Mikami).
along with Sensei Asano, Sensei Kanazawa started Shotokan Karate International (S.K.I.). He became and still is one of Karate's greatest living ambassadors, his unique talents mean he is in constant demand all over the world.  Sensei
Kanazawa is both Chairman and Chief Instructor of the worlds largest Shotokan Karate organisation, the Shotokan Karate-do International Federation and is one of the few remaining karateka privileged to have studied under Master Gichin Funakoshi. In April 2000, while attending the 7th S.K.I.F. World Championships in Bali, Shihan Kanazawa was promoted to the grade of 10th Dan. He is currently the only living Shotokan Master to hold such a high grade. 首席師範 Masutatsu Oyama  of Kyokushin Karate, was born in Southern Korea in 1923. While living at his sister's farm in Manchuria at the age of nine, he began his lifelong journey along the Martial Way when he began studying the southern Chinese form of kempo know as "Eighteen Hands". When Mas Oyama returned to Korea at the age of 12, he continued his training in Korean kempo.  In 1938, at the age of 15,
Mas Oyama moved to Japan to train as an aviator, and continued his martial arts training by participating in judo and boxing. Shortly afterwards, he began training at the dojo of Gichin Funakoshi, who had brought karate from Okinawa to Japan and developed what is now known as Shotokan Karate.
Mas Oyama's training progressed so rapidly
that by the age of 17,
he was a Nidan (2nd Dan), and by the age of 20, he was a Yondan (4th Dan) in Shotokan Karate. At this point, Mas Oyama took a serious interest in Judo , and in less than four years he achieved the rank of Yondan in Judo as well.
Purification of Mind in
Karate
We all karate-ka should abstain from arrogance, envy and
anger in life. We should strive to draw nearer to purification of Mind and real
truth.
 An
ancient maxim found in the Dhammapada
sums up the practice of the Buddha's teaching in three simple guidelines to
training: to abstain from all evil, to cultivate good, and to purify one's
mind. These three principles form a graded sequence of steps progressing from
the outward and preparatory to the inward and essential.  Each
step leads naturally into the one that follows it, and the culmination of the
three in purification of mind makes it plain that the heart of Buddhist
practice is to be found here.
Purification
of mind as understood in the Buddha's teaching is the sustained endeavor to
cleanse the mind of defilements, those dark unwholesome mental forces which run
beneath the surface stream of consciousness vitiating our thinking, values,
attitudes, and actions.
The
chief among the defilements are the three that the Buddha has termed the
"roots of evil" — greed, hatred, and delusion — from which emerge
their numerous offshoots and variants: anger and cruelty, avarice and envy,
conceit and arrogance, hypocrisy and vanity, the multitude of erroneous views.
The nine major sources
of all problems are:
1.
Greed (don'yoku 貪欲)
2.
Anger (ikari 怒り)
3.
Ignorance (muchi 無知 )
4.
Hatred (zōo 憎悪)
5.
Arrogance (gōman 傲慢)
6.
Belligerent (kōsen dantai 交戦団体)
7.
Evil (aku 悪)
8.
Backbiting (kageguchi 陰口)
9.
Jealousy (shitto 嫉妬)
The chief characteristic of the world of
Anger is envy, the kind where one cannot tolerate the thought of anyone being
in any way better than oneself. It is a burning need to be superior to others,
a belief that one is fundamentally better than other people.
As a Buddhist text describes it: "Since
those in the world of Anger desire in every instance to be superior to everyone
else and cannot bear to be inferior to anyone, they belittle and despise others
and exalt themselves, like a hawk flying high and looking down on the world. At
the same time, outwardly they seek to display the virtues of benevolence,
justice, propriety, wisdom and fidelity."
Karate begins with courtesy and ends with
courtesy. Therefore, we must be courteous to seniors, juniors, friends
and also foes. We must first purify our minds and always be mentally and
physically sound.
We must sweep from our minds all egocentric
and preoccupying thoughts during practice, concentrating on all the movements
with maximum power.
Karate requires a harmony
between attacking and blocking. Therefore, we must learn to adjust our
attention coincides with each of the movements during practice.
Karate requires a perfect finish at the end
of each kihon, kata and kumite performance.
Therefore, we must complete each kihon, kata and kumite practice along with powerful techniques and
maximum power.
A number of karate techniques are used to
deliver strikes to the human body. These techniques are delivered from a number
of stances. The karateka uses a number of blocks to protect themselves against
these strikes.
Kihon is the basic techniques, or
fundamentals, of karate. It includes all the kicks and strikes of karate but
not in any particular sequence. Thus, kihon is every technique from a lunge
punch to a back thrust kick practiced repeatedly for mastery of that technique.
How to overcome
fighting?
"To win one hundred victories in one hundred battles is not the
highest skill.”
“To subdue
the enemy without fighting is the highest skill."
-Sun-Tsu-
"Karate begins and ends with
courtesy."
"Even if it must be ten million foes, I go!”
“Karate is an aid to justice.”
-Gichin
Funakoshi-
We can do to overcome our enemies by metta
and patience. Master Gichin Funakoshi laid out the Twenty Precepts of Karate which form the
foundations of the art, before some of his students established the JKA. Within these twenty
principles, based heavily on Bushido and Zen, lies the philosophy of Shotokan.
The principles allude to notions of humility, respect,
compassion, patience,
and both an inward and outward calmness. It was Funakoshi's belief
that through karate practice and observation of these 20 principles, the
karate-ka would improve their person.
Metta (pure love) has been translated
as "loving-kindness," "friendliness,"
"benevolence," "amity,"
"friendship," "good will,"
"kindness," "love,"
"sympathy," and “active
interest in others." It
is one of the ten paramitas of the
school of Buddhism, and the first of the four
Brahmaviharas. The metta bhavana ("cultivation
of metta") is a popular form of meditation in Buddhism.
The object of metta meditation is loving
kindness (love without attachment). Traditionally, the practice begins with the
meditator cultivating loving kindness towards themselves, then their loved
ones, friends, teachers, strangers, enemies, and finally towards all sentient
beings. Commonly, it can be used as a greeting or closing to a letter or note.
Buddhists believe that those who cultivate
metta will be at ease because they see no need to harbour ill will or
hostility. It is generally felt that those around a metta-ful person will feel
more comfortable and happy too. Radiating metta is thought to contribute to a
world of love, peace and happiness.
Metta meditation is considered a good
way to calm down a distraught mind by people who consider it to be an antidote
to anger. According to them, someone who has cultivated metta will not be
easily angered and can quickly subdue anger that arises, being more caring,
more loving, and more likely to love unconditionally. We need to do METTA.
May we/he/she be well, happy and peace. May
no harm come to us. May no difficulties come to us. May no problems come to us.
May we/he/she always will meet with success. May we/he/she also have patience,
courage, understanding, and determination to meet and overcome inevitable
difficulties, problems, and failures in our lives.
May all people be well, happy and peace. May
no harm come to them. May no difficulties come to them. May no problems come to
them. May all people always will meet with success. May all people also have
patience, courage, understanding, and determination to meet and overcome
inevitable difficulties, problems, and failures in their lives.
Ref:
http://26.yun285.cf/?cdf=Y29tbW9uCy53aWtpbWVkaWEub3JnL3Dpa2kvQ2f0ZWDvCnk6sGlzDG9yaWfuCz91C2VSYW5nPXpoLWhR
http://www.altiusdirectory.com/Society/historians-list.html
http://www.theshotokanway.com/bookreviews.html
http://www.pottonkarate.org.uk/shotokan-karate-do.html
http://asaikarate.com/gyaku-zuki-and-the-heel-of-the-rear-foot-%E9%80%86%E7%AA%81%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A8%E5%BE%8C%E3%82%8D%E8%B6%B3%E3%81%AE%E8%B8%B5%E3%81%AE%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82/
Nakayama Masatoshi 中山 正敏 Shōtōkan Dynamic Karate
http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/aoki/Karate-do/Quotes/kata.html
http://seimonkarate.blog108.fc2.com/blog-entry-282.html
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