The
great benefactors and masters of Karate
A
short pedigree of Karate
Karate Myint Kywe
(Myoma Myint Kywe)
Grand
Master and Master are titles used to describe or address some senior or
experienced karate martial
artists.
Typically these titles are honorific in nature, meaning that they do not confer
rank and title, but rather distinguish the individual as very highly revered in
their school, system, work-done, or style.
The
history of Japan includes the history of the islands
of Japan
and the Japanese
people,
spanning the ancient
history of the region
to the modern
history of Japan
as a nation state. Following the last ice age, around 12,000 BC,
the rich ecosystem of the Japanese
archipelago
fostered human development. The Japanese
archipelago
(the group of islands that forms the country) would become disconnected from
the mainland continent after the last ice age, around 11,000 BC. The culture of
Japan has evolved greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric 縄文時代 Jomon period. But the some
cultural and Buddhism of Japan influences came from China. Many historians
and Dr. Sun Yat-sen 孫文 / 孫中山 / 孫逸仙 (1866
–1925) said that China and Japan are brothers.
To
understand the present and future, one must first have a clear
understanding of the past. (According to legend, Chinese martial arts
originated during the semi-mythical Xia Dynasty (夏朝) more than 4,000
years ago. It is said the Yellow Emperor Huangdi 黃帝 (legendary date of
ascension 2698
BCE)
introduced the earliest fighting systems to China. The Yellow Emperor is
described as a famous general who, before becoming China’s leader, wrote
lengthy treatises on medicine, astrology and the martial arts).
The Role of Zen in
Karate Martial Arts
The Master Bodhidharma was a South Indian of the Western Region. He was the third son of a great Indian king. Buddhist monk Bodhidharma (as known as Daruma in Japan) arrived in China about 520 A.D. after a three year trip from India. Buddhism was already established in China with an extensive written and oral tradition when Bodhidharma arrived. Emperor Wu had built and supported many temples and was anxious to hear what Bodhidharma considered to be the central principle of Buddhism.( Emperor Wu of Liang (梁武帝) (464 AD–549 AD), personal name Xiao Yan (蕭衍), courtesy name Shuda (叔達), nickname Lian'er (練兒), was the founding emperor of the Liang Dynasty of Chinese history. he was Confucian in values, he embraced Buddhism as well. He himself was attracted to many Indian traditions. He banned the sacrifice of animals and was against execution. It was said that he received the Buddhist precepts during his reign, earning him the nickname The Bodhisattva Emperor).
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| Bodhidharma |
Bodhidharma traveled to the Shaolin (Japanese: Shorin) Temple on the Wu-tai Mountain in Honan.
Several
stories about Bodhidharma have become popular legends, which are still being
used in the Ch'an and Zen tradition.
Bodhidharma's
teachings and practice centered on meditation and the Lankavatara
Sutra.
Zen (禅 Chan in Chinese) was ostensibly first brought to China by Bodhidharma, about 527 A.D. From China, Zen spread south to Vietnam, northeast to Korea and east to Japan. It was taught to the Shaolin monks as a way to achieve enlightenment. The Shaolin Temple is renowned in martial arts legends for the development of Chinese martial arts. Many Okinawan or Japanese schools of pugilism trace their lineage to the temple and are known as Shorin- or Shorinji-
Other
stories describe how Bodhidharma taught martial arts to his disciples in order
to strengthen their bodies. He found that meditation without physical training
led to ill health and weakness. His disciples were known to pass out during zazen
due to physical exhaustion. Proper meditation required a strong mind and
body.
Daruma
is based upon an actual historical figure in martial arts. He became a founder
of 禅 ZEN Buddhism. Zen has had a strong influence on the development of
martial arts in Japan. Essentially, Zen and the martial arts have the same
spirit, the same essence. Centuries ago in Japan, Zen has
profoundly influenced the development of martial arts like Kendo (Kenjutsu), Judo (Jujutsu), Karate, and Aikido. Zazen
should be practiced as an integral part of karate. In Zen
Buddhism, zazen (literally "seated meditation"; Japanese: 坐禅; simplified Chinese: 坐禅; traditional Chinese: 坐禪; pinyin: zuo chan;) is a meditative
discipline that is typically the primary religious practice.
What
is KARA along with Sunyata of Zen !
The
influence of those various doctrinal and textual backgrounds is still
discernable in Zen. Zen teachers still mention the Buddha-nature, but the Zen
tradition also emphasizes that Buddha-nature is Sunyata, the absence of an
independent and substantial "self"
Sunyata, 空 (仏教), in Buddhism, translated into
English as emptiness, voidness, openness, spaciousness, vacuity, is a Buddhist concept
which has multiple meanings depending on its doctrinal context. In Theravada
Buddhism,
sunnata often refers to the not-self (Pali: anatta)
nature of the five
aggregates
of experience and the six
sense spheres.
Sunnata is also often used to refer to a meditative state or experience.
Without
Zen, the practice of martial arts is a meaningless practice, and it becomes
simply a sport like hockey or baseball.
An
analysis of the ancient Chinese ideographic character Kara will show its
Buddhist connotative meaning which goes beyond "weaponless hand." Kara,
also read as Ku, originates from Sunya, the small ellipsoid known
as zero in mathematics. Sunya or Sunyata is the Sanskrit term for
void, emptiness, or the absence of duality and conceptualization. Chinese Zen
masters transcribed Sunyata in their scriptures as Kara or Ku,
which is also the first character of Karate.
Gichin
Funakoshi,
the founder of Shotokan karate, also studied Zen and integrated it into
his teachings of karate. A perfect example of Zen's influence in karate can
be seen when performing mokuso (meditation) at the beginning and end of every
class. This idea of meditation stems directly from Zen. The Dojo Kun
recited at the end of every class is derived from Buddhist teachings. The
following is a summary of the most basic principles of Buddhism.
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| Funakoshi Gichin |
The
concept of morality requires the karate practitioners to live an ethical
life. This involves proper behaviour in all aspects of life. The Buddhist code
forbids killing, stealing, lying, etc. Instead, it preaches love for fellow
man. Herein lies the code of all martial artists: one's skill to harm others
should only be used for self-defense or for the preservation of justice.
Mental
discipline, another core idea of Buddhism, is one of the most highly sought
after rewards of all martial arts training. The Zen school is known for its
emphasis on meditation, called zazen, to strengthen and
discipline the mind. By controlling the mind, one can suppress desire and
control emotions.
The
martial arts practitioner should feel no anger, no pride, no pain, no suffering
of any kind. These are the major causes of violence, unhappiness, and defeat,
and they must be avoided. Budo training was and is often very harsh in
order to bring the individual to the boundaries of their physical limitations,
and then to surpass them.
Budo and Zen Buddhism
have been intertwined since the days of Bodhidharma. Budo (武道) is a Japanese term describing
modern Japanese martial
arts.
One without the other could lead to physically weak priests or spiritually weak
martial artists. Sadly, one does not have to look very far to find examples of
"spiritually weak" martial artists today.
In
Karate-Do My Way of Life, master Gichin Funakoshi wrote about his
use of the Japanese character for "empty" in the term Karate.
Confusion had arisen because the word kara- could either mean "Chinese"
or "empty" depending upon the ideographic character which was used.
Since so much of Okinawan Karate or Te was traceable to China,
the term "Chinese hand" was a reasonable interpretation. Wrote
Funakoshi:
The
kara that means "empty" is definitely the more
appropriate. This defense makes use of no weapons, only bare feet and empty
hands. Further, students of Karate-do aim not only toward perfecting their
chosen art but also toward emptying heart and mind of all earthly desire and
vanity. Reading Buddhist scriptures, we come across such statements as
Shi-soku-ze-ku and Ku-soku-zeshiki, which literally mean, "matter is
void" and "all is vanity." The character ku, which appears in
both admonitions and may also be pronounced kara, is in itself truth.
(Page 35)
The
modern history of karate begins in Okinawa. Okinawa-Te (Okinawan
hand), or simply Te, was a simple but highly effective method evolving
through centuries of use in real combat. The banning of weapons on the
island for two long periods in its history contributed to the high degree of
development of this method.
But
Okinawa-Te was also influenced by the much more elaborate techniques and
philosophical teachings of Shaolin Kung fu. These origins explain the
dual nature of karate: extremely violent and efficient but at the same time a
strictly disciplined philosophy with a nonviolent emphasis.
The
great benefactors of Karate
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Master Kusanku (クーサンクー、公相君) or Kushanku (クーシャンクー),
also known as Kwang Shang Fu, was a
Chinese martial artist who lived during the 18th century. He is credited as
having an influence on virtually all karate-derived martial arts.
Kusanku learned the Chinese martial arts from a Shaolin Buddhist monk. The Shaolin temples were like martial arts universities. The Shaolin Temples (monasteries) are possibly the most revered and famous structures in the history of all martial arts.
The genesis of Chinese martial arts
has been attributed to the need for self-defense, hunting techniques and
military training in ancient China. Hand-to-hand combat and weapons practice
were important in training ancient Chinese soldiers. He was thought to have
resided (and possibly studied martial arts) in the Fujian/Fukien province
福建 for much of his life. Around 1756,
Kusanku was sent to Okinawa as an ambassador of the Qing Dynasty. He resided in
the village of Kanemura, near Naha City. During his stay in Okinawa, Kusanku
instructed and taught Kanga Sakukawa. Sakugawa trained under Kūsankū for
six years. After Kusanku's death (around 1762), Sakugawa developed and named
the Kusanku kata in honor of his teacher.
Master Peichin Takahara (1683-1760)
was an early karate practitioner. He was known as a great warrior and is
attributed to have been the first to explain the aspects or principles of the do
("way") was a social class of the Ryukyu Kingdom.
These
principles are: (1) ijo, the way-compassion, humility, and love. (2)
katsu, the laws-complete understanding of all techniques and forms of
karate, and (3) fo dedication-the seriousness of karate that must
be understood not only in practice, but in actual combat. The collective translation
is: "One’s duty to himself and his fellow man." He was the first
teacher of Sakukawa "Tode" Kanga who was to become known as the
"father of Okinawan karate."
Master Kanga Sakugawa (1733 - 1815),
also Sakugawa Satunushi and Tode Sakugawa, was a Ryukyuan martial arts master
and major contributor to the development of Te, the precursor to modern karate.
Master Matsumura Sokon was born in
Yamagawa Village, Shuri, Okinawa. Matsumura began the study of karate under the
guidance of Sakukawa Kanga. Matsumura Sokon was one of the original
karate masters of Okinawa. The years of his lifespan are reported variously as
c.1809-1901 or 1798–1890 or 1809–1896 or 1800–1892. Master Matsumura Sokon is
the master of Anko Asato and Anko Itosu.
Master Anko Asato (安里
安恒 1827 – 1906) was a Ryukyuan master of karate. He and Anko Itosu were the two main
karate masters who taught Gichin Funakoshi, the founder of Shotokan karate. Funakoshi
appears to be the source of most of the information available on Asato. Many
articles contain information about Asato, but the relevant parts are clearly
based on Funakoshi's descriptions of him. Funakoshi noted that Asato and Itosu
had studied karate together under Master Sokon Matsumura. Sokon Matsumura was a pupil of
Master Sakugawa Kanga (1733 - 1815).
Master Anko Itosu (糸洲
安恒 Okinawan: 1831 –1915) is considered by many
the father of modern karate, although this title
is also often given to Gichin Funakoshi because the latter
spread karate throughout Japan. He was pupil of Master Sokon Matsumura.
Master Anko Asato and
Master Anko Itosu were the two main famous karate masters who taught Master Gichin
Funakoshi, the founder of Shotokan karate. Funakoshi appears to be
the source of most of the information available on Asato. Many articles contain
information about Asato, but the relevant parts are clearly based on
Funakoshi's descriptions of him. It was only in 1915 that karate was introduced
to mainland Japan after a demonstration was given for the Emperor by one of the
top Okinawan karate Masters, master Gichin Funakoshi (father of modern karate).
It soon became popular with the
Japanese people and other masters were encouraged to visit from Okinawa to
teach the art, among them Master Kenwa Mabuni and
Master Chojun Miyagi. This teaching mainly took place in the Japanese
universities. It was then that the Japanese decided to give names to
distinguish between the teaching methods of the Masters.
In 1916 Master Gichin Funakoshi
became the first expert to introduce karate-do from Okinawa to mainland Japan.
One of the few people to have been initiated into all the major Okinawan karate
methods, Master Funakoshi taught a synthesis of the Okinawan styles as a total
discipline. This method became known as Shotokan (literally “House of Shoto,”
Funakoshi’s pen name as a poet). Because the style became very popular in Japan
and proceeded to spread throughout the world, Funakoshi is widely considered to
be the “father of modern karate-do.”
According
to teaching of Gichin Funakoshi, one must expand upon this concept of
emptying the mind as it also refers to the emptying of harmful intentions as
well. This requires a spirit of humility. It is for these reasons that
Gichin Funakoshi changed the character of kara in the word karate, from
the meaning of "China" to the meaning of "empty."
So the translation of karate to mean "empty hand" implies not only
a lack of weapons but an emptying of the mind as well.
Famous Masters of Karate and styles
Shotokan was the name given to Master Gichin
Funakoshi's method.
Shotokan
was the name of the first official dojo built by Gichin Funakoshi in 1936.
Shotokan (松濤館
Shotokan) is a style of karate, developed from various martial arts by Gichin
Funakoshi (1868–1957) and his son Gigo (Yoshitaka) Funakoshi (1906–1945). Descendant schools of Shotokan style are:
Gichin
Funakoshi was the father of JKA and Shotokan style. Master Funakoshi
passed away in 1957 and, his chosen successor, Master Masatoshi Nakayama
became Chief Instructor of the 日本空手協会とは Japan Karate
Association (JKA).
Shorei- ryu (昭霊流) is a term which
refers to the Naha-Te style of Okinawan karate. Shorei Ryu means "the style of inspiration".
It is believed that the term Shorei is
derived from the Shoreiji Temple in southern China. The teachings of this temple provided the basis for the
Naha-Te style.
The
Shorei Ryu system was influenced in its early development by Shuri-Te. Kanryo Higashionna originally studied
Shuri-Te with Master Sokon Matsumura but he later
traveled to China and studied kempo there. Shorei Ryu has two major styles today. One style
is called Goju Ryu and was founded by Master
Chojun Miyagi (1888–1953) and the
other is called Uechi Ryu, founded by Master Kanbun Uechi (1877–1948).
Shorin-ryū (小林琉) is one of the major
modern Okinawan martial
arts
and is one of the oldest styles of karate. It was named by Master Choshin Chibana (1885
–1969) in
1933, but the system itself is much older. "Shorin" means pine tree.
"Ryu" means "school". Shorin-ryu
combines elements of the traditional Okinawan fighting styles of Shuri-te. Master Chosin
Chibana was a top student of the great master of shuri-te, Anko Itosu.
Goju ryu meaning 'hard-soft' style) was Master Chojun Miyagi's
choice. Goju-ryu (剛柔流), (Japanese for "hard-soft
style") is one of the main traditional Okinawan styles of karate,
featuring a combination of hard and soft techniques.
Master Chojun Miyagi
(1888—1953) was an Okinawan martial artist who founded the Goju-ryu school of
karate by blending Okinawan and Chinese influences. He introduced karate into
Okinawa police work, high schools and other fields of society. Gogen Yamaguchi (1909 - 1989), was a
Japanese martial artist and student of Goju-ryu Karate under Chojun Miyagi. He was one of the most well-known Karate-do
masters from Japan and he founded the International Karate-do Goju Kai Association.
Wado-ryu, another
well-known karate style was developed and later named by one of Gichin
Funakoshi's students, Hironori Ohtsuka. Master Hironori Otsuka
(1892 –1982) was a Japanese master of karate who created the Wado-ryu
style of karate. He was the first Grand Master of Wado-ryu karate, and received
high awards within Japan for his contributions to karate. In 1922, Otsuka began
training in Shotokan karate under Gichin Funakoshi. Otsuka was an assistant
instructor in Funakoshi's school.
Shito-ryu was the name
chosen by Master Kenwa Mabuni (1889 – 1952) . He had studied under both
Ankoh Itosu and Kanryo Higaonna in Okinawa and the name "Shi-to" is
made up from Japanese characters for their names.
Kyokushinkai was formally founded in 1957 by Master Masutatsu Oyama (1923-1994).
Kyokushin is largely a synthesis of Shotokan 松濤館流 and Goju-ryu
剛柔流 . It teaches a curriculum that emphasizes aliveness, physical toughness, and full contact sparring. Because of its emphasis on physical, full-force sparring, Kyokushin is now often called "full contact karate" or "Knockdown karate" (after the name for its competition rules). The current World Headquarters were officially opened in June 1964, where the name Kyokushin, meaning "Ultimate truth" was adopted. In the same year the International Karate Organization (IKO) was established.
剛柔流 . It teaches a curriculum that emphasizes aliveness, physical toughness, and full contact sparring. Because of its emphasis on physical, full-force sparring, Kyokushin is now often called "full contact karate" or "Knockdown karate" (after the name for its competition rules). The current World Headquarters were officially opened in June 1964, where the name Kyokushin, meaning "Ultimate truth" was adopted. In the same year the International Karate Organization (IKO) was established.
Isshin-Ryu is a style of Okinawan karate founded by Master
Tatsuo Shimabuku (島袋 龍夫1908 –1975) and
named by him on 15 January 1956. Isshin-Ryu
karate is largely a synthesis of Shorin-ryu karate, Goju-ryu karate, and kobudo. The name means,
literally, "one heart way" (as in "wholehearted" or
"complete"). In 1989 there were 336 branches of Isshin-ryu
throughout the world (as recorded by the IWKA), most of which were
concentrated in the United States.
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Senior great Masters of Karate
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Master Anko Asato (安里
安恒 1827 – 1906) was a Ryukyuan master of karate. He and Anko Itosu were the two main
karate masters who taught Gichin Funakoshi, the founder of Shotokan karate. Funakoshi
appears to be the source of most of the information available on Asato. Many
articles contain information about Asato, but the relevant parts are clearly
based on Funakoshi's descriptions of him. Funakoshi noted that Asato and Itosu
had studied karate together under Master Sokon Matsumura. Sokon Matsumura was a pupil of Master
Sakugawa Kanga (1733 - 1815).
Master Anko Itosu (糸洲
安恒 Okinawan: 1831 –1915) is considered by many
the father of modern karate, although this title
is also often given to Gichin Funakoshi because the latter
spread karate throughout Japan. He was pupil of Master Sokon Matsumura. His famous students
are:
Choyu Motobu, Choki Motobu, Kentsu Yabu, Chomo Hanashiro, Gichin Funakoshi, Moden Yabiku, Kanken Toyama, Shinpan Gusukuma (Shiroma), Anbun Tokuda, Kenwa Mabuni, Choshin Chibana, Chojun Miyagi,etc
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Master Gichin Funakoshi, the founder of Shotokan karate. Funakoshi appears to be the source of most of the information available on Asato. Many articles contain information about Asato, but the relevant parts are clearly based on Funakoshi's descriptions of him. It was only in 1915 that karate was introduced to mainland Japan after a demonstration was given for the Emperor by one of the top Okinawan karate Masters, master Gichin Funakoshi (father of modern karate). He began as weak, sick, and in poor health, his parents brought him to Yasutsune Itosu (portrait) for his Karate training together with Yasutsune Azato (Azato is considered by many the reason Gichin Funakoshi developed such a disciplined mind and Karate Technique). Between his doctor, Tokashiki, who prescribed herbal remedies that would strengthen him, coupled with Azato's and Itosu's good instruction, Gichin Funakoshi soon blossomed. He became a good student with Arakaki and Sokon "Bushi" Matsumura (portrait) as his other teachers, he developed expertise and a highly disciplined mind. Master Gichin Funakoshi recounts this part in a different way, while living with his grandparents he started attending primary school where he was classmate of Azato's son and received his first Karate instruction from Yasutsune (Ankoh) Azato.
Master Motobu Choyu (1857-1928) was
an Okinawan karate master and elder brother of karateka Motobu Choki. Motobu
Choyu was born in Akahira village in Shuri, Okinawa. His father, Anji (Lord)
Motobu Chōshin was a descendent of Prince Shō Kōshin (1655-1687), the sixth son
of Okinawan King Sho Shitsu (1629-1668).
Master Motobu Choki (1870-1944) was
a Okinawan karate master from Akahira Village in Shuri, Okinawa, capital of the
Ryukyu Kingdom when he was born. His elder brother Motobu Choyū was also a
noted karateka. His father, Lord Motobu Choshin (Motobu Aji Chosin) was a
descendant of the sixth son of the Okinawan King, Sho Shitsu (1629–1668),
namely Sho Koshin, also known as Prince Motobu Chohei (1655–1687).
He began
practicing karate under Matsumura Sokon and continued under
Anko Itosu, Sakuma Pechin and Kosaku Matsumora. Motobu-ryu is a
school of karate founded by Choki Motobu in 1922.
Master Higaonna Kanryo (1853 –1915),
also known as Higashionna West, was a Ryukyuan martial artist who founded a fighting
style known at the time as Naha-te.
Master Kentsu Yabu (1866 –1937)
was a prominent teacher of Shorin-ryū karate in Okinawa from the 1910s until
the 1930s, and was among the first people to demonstrate karate in Hawaii. As a
former soldier, Yabu has been credited with helping make Okinawan karate
training more militaristic.
Master Chomo Hanashiro (Okinawan: Hanagusuku Chomu) (1869–1945) was an Okinawan
martial arts master who is notable for aiding in the evolution of Shorin-ryu
karate.
Master Chotoku Kyan (1870–1945) was an Okinawan karate master who was famous for both his karate skills and his
colorful personal life. He had a large influence on the styles of karate that
would become Shorin-Ryu and its related
styles.
Master Choshin Chibana (1885 –1969)
was an Okinawan martial artist who developed Shorin-ryū karate based on what he
had learned from Anko Itosu. Shorin-ryū (小林琉)
as in the Shaolin Temple of China. "Ryu" means "style".
Shorin-ryū, is one of the major modern Okinawan martial arts and is one of the
oldest styles of karate. It was named by Choshin Chibana in 1933, but the
system itself is much older. "Shorin" means pine tree. "Ryu"
means "school". Shorin-ryū combines elements of the traditional
Okinawan fighting styles of Shuri-te.
Master Chojun Miyagi (1888—1953) was
an Okinawan martial artist who founded the Goju-ryu school of karate by
blending Okinawan and Chinese influences. He introduced karate into Okinawa
police work, high schools and other fields of society.
Master Kanken Toyama (1888 –1966)
was a Japanese schoolteacher and karate master, who developed the foundation
for the Shudokan karate style.
Master Shinpan Gusukuma (1890–1954),
also known as Shinpan Shiroma by the Japanese, was an Okinawan martial artist
who studied Shorin-ryu karate as a student of Anko Itosu.
Master Gigo Funakoshi or Funakoshi
Yoshitaka (1906-1945) was the third son of Gichin Funakoshi (船越 義珍) (the founder of Shotokan 松濤館流 karate) and is widely credited with developing the
foundation of the modern karate Shotokan style.
Master Gogen Yamaguchi (1909 - 1989), was a Japanese martial
artist and student of Goju-ryu Karate under Chojun Miyagi. He was one of the most well-known Karate-domasters
from Japan and he founded the International Karate-do Goju Kai Association. Prior to his death,
Yamaguchi was decorated by the Emperor of Japan in 1968 with the Ranju-Hosho, らんじゅほうしょう(藍綬褒章), the Blue Ribbon Medal of the fifth order
of merit, for his enormous contribution to the spread world wide of the
Japanese martial arts. For many years he was listed in the Guinness
Book of Records
regarding his rank and achievements. He was also famously known in the world of
karate-dō as ‘the Cat’
Master Masatoshi Nakayama 中山 正敏 初代首席師範 was the Chief
Instructor of the JKA from 1955 until his death on April 15, 1987. He carries on the
tradition of his teacher, Gichin Funakoshl, the Father of Modern Karate. Long
professor and director of physical education at Takushoku University, his alma
mater (1937), he was chief instructor of the Japan Karate Association from 1955
until his death in 1987. He was the most famous chief instructor of the Japan
Karate Association. (Master
Masatoshi Nakayama
is one of the teachers in karate of mine (Karate Myint Kywe) 1980 to 1987. I obtained and received 3rd dan (degree) black belt from him.)
Famous students of Master Gichin Funakoshi
Hironori Ōtsuka 先生,
Gigō Funakoshi 先生,
Isao Obata 先生,
Shigeru Egami 先生,
Masatoshi Nakayama 先生,
Tetsuhiko Asai 先生,
Yasuhiro Konishi 先生,
Hidetaka Nishiyama 先生,
Tsutomu Ohshima 先生,
Taiji Kase 先生,
Mitsusuke Harada 先生,
Hirokazu Kanazawa 先生,
Teruyuki Okazaki 先生,
Won Kuk Lee 이원국 先生,
Choi Hong Hi 최홍희 先生,
Matsutasu Oyama 先生.http://www.masutatsuoyama.com/masoyama.htm
This list is incomplete. Other famous students and instructors left in the lists above. I apology if I can't mention all students completely. He taught large number of students in his lifetime.
Master Masatoshi
Nakayama
中山 正敏
(1913 –1987) was an internationally renowned Japanese master of Shotokan karate. He helped establish
the Japan Karate Association (JKA) in 1949, and
wrote many textbooks on karate, which served to popularize his martial art. He was the Chief
instructor of the Japan Karate Association (JKA). For almost 40
years, until his death in 1987, Shuseki Shihan Nakayama worked to
spread Shotokan karate around the world. He was the first master in Shotokan
history to attain the rank of 9th dan while alive, and was
posthumously awarded the rank of 10th dan.
Famous students of Master
Masatoshi Nakayama
Teruyuki
Okazaki 先生,
Hirokazu
Kanazawa 先生,
Tetsuhiko
Asai 先生,
Takayuki
Mikami 先生,
Keinosuke
Enoeda 先生,
Keigo
Abe 先生.
Masaaki
Ueki 先生,
Yoshiharu
Osaka 先生,
Masahiko
Tanaka 先生,
Takenori
Imura 先生,
Toshihiro Mori 先生,
This list is incomplete. Other famous students and instructors left in the lists
above. I apology if I can't mention all
students completely. He taught large number of students in his lifetime.
Master Masutatsu Oyama (1923–1994) surely studied not only 剛柔流 GOJURYU karate but also 松濤館流 SHOTOKAN karate. In 1938, at the age of fifteen years old, Mas Oyama became a student of 船越 義珍 最高首席師範 Gichin Funakoshi, founder of Shotokan Karate and father of JKA, at the Takushoku University.
Sosai
Masutatsu
Oyama (大山
倍達), was a very famous
karate master who founded 極真 Kyokushin Karate, considered the first and most influential
style of full contact karate. Oyama contacted the Shotokan dojo (Karate school)
operated by Gigō Funakoshi, son of karate master and studied Shotokan karate
from Gichin Funakoshi.
Funakoshi
Gichin, a school teacher from Okinawa, was credited with introducing karate
from Okinawa to Tokyo, Japan. It is this master that Mas Oyama later would
refer to as his true karate teacher. Throughout the years Oyama always spoke
highly of Funakoshi, remarking in later recollections of his gentle yet
overwhelming presence. Mas Oyama went on to say that of the many things he
learned from Funakoshi, kata (formal exercises) was the most important.
Mas Oyama's training progressed so rapidly that by the age of 17, he was a
Nidan 二段 (2nd Dan), and by
the age of 20, he was a Yondan 四段
(4th Dan) in Shotokan 松濤館流.
Master Hirokazu
Kanazawa
金澤 弘和
(1931) is a world-renowned Japanese master of Shotokan karate. Shihan
Hirokazu Kanazawa is one of the best known and most widely respected Shotokan
karate Masters in the world today. He is the Chief instructor and President of
the Shotokan Karate-Do International
Federation,
an organisation he founded after he left the Japan Karate Association (JKA). Kanazawa is
ranked 10th dan in karate. He helped
to establish the Japan Karate Association.
Master Hidetaka
Nishiyama
西山 英峻
(1928 –2008) was a prominent Japanese master of Shotokan karate. He was an
internationally recognized instructor, author, and administrator, and helped to
establish the Japan Karate Association.
(Above
list of masters is maybe incomplete. Other famous pioneers and masters might be
left in the list above. I apology if I can't mention all masters
and pioneers of Japanese Karate completely.)
Master Tsutomu
Ohshima
(大島 劼
born 1930) is a prominent Japanese master of Shotokan karate who founded the Shotokan Karate of America (SKA) organization.
He is the Shihan (Chief Instructor)
of the SKA, and to this day holds the rank of 5th dan in karate, which was
awarded to him by Gichin
Funakoshi.
The word karate is a
combination of two Japanese characters: Kara, meaning empty, and Te, meaning hand;
thus, karate means "empty hand."
Karate
can also be described as a martial art, or fighting method, involving a variety
of techniques, including blocks, strikes, evasions (dodge), throws, kicks,
punches, and joint manipulations (Joint breaking).
Real karate is not about a sport and self defence but also built humility, patience, forgiveness, self -control, self -confidence, strength of character, kindness, compassion, awareness and self- discipline should always be before karate self-defence.
We all karate practitioners must NOT BE poisoned
by the seven poisons such as: greed, anger, hatred, stupidity, conceit,
jealousy and malice. We must do to cultivate the power of courage by
strengthening our mind and body and overcoming any difficulties in our life.
Hence, we all instructors and students should ABSTAIN
from all evil, committing murder, suicide, stealing, lying, betraying,
sexual misconduct, adultery, polygamy, homo sexuality, problem
making, trouble creating, and bullying.
We need to maintain their gratitude and teaching.
Real karate is not only a sport and self defence but also build humility, patience, self control, self confidence, strength of character, kindness, compassion, awareness and self discipline should always be before KARATE”
True karate is this: that in daily life one's mind and body be trained and developed in a spirit of humility, and that in critical times, one be devoted utterly to the cause of justice.
We must do to cultivate the power of courage by strengthening our mind and body and overcoming any difficulties in our life.
I think each of everyone
has ups and downs, happy and sorry, wins and lose, loves and hate in their
lives. You practice how to be honest to yourself and to be honest to others. You study how to be
humble to yourself and to be humble to others. How to reduce hatred and how to stop
the hatred? How to reduce anger quickly? How to control your mind? How to stop
arrogance and belligerence?
The
essence of karate is to be humble and not to be arrogant….
The
essence of karate is to be humble and not to be belligerent
….
References:
http://seinenkai.com/articles/heshiki/karate.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkZTzWIy7-Y
http://www.masutatsuoyama.com/masoyama.htm
JKA of New York: Information about
the dojo, 2007
Best Karate, Vol. 1, Masatoshi
Nakayama.
Dynamic Karate, Masatoshi Nakayama.
http://jka.or.jp/en/about/instructors.html
http://www.hiroshikariya.com/karate/training.html
http://www.jkaaustralia.com.au/Terminology.htm
http://www.gichinfunakoshi.com/whatiskarate.htm
http://jkaconn.com/nijukun.htm
http://shotokankaratecsl.com/Info%20-%20Philosophy%2001%20-%20Zen.html
http://zen-buddhism.net/martial-arts/zen-and-martial-arts.html
http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/daruma.shtml
http://www.shotokankarate.ca/modern%20karate%20masters.htm
http://www.masutatsuoyama.com/en/home/masoyama.htm
http://karateandknowledge.blogspot.com/
http://www.akka.com.au/kata.html
http://breakingmuscle.com/other-martial-arts/4-training-tips-from-the-godhand-mas-oyama
http://www.uskyokushin.com/sosai.htm
Mas
Oyama, 1963, “What is Karate”, Japan Publications Trading Company
http://ska.org/lineage/
http://karateandknowledge.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_23.html
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