What is a
Scientific Hypothesis and THEORY?
What
is the connection between THEORY and PRACTICE?
Myoma Myint Kywe
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“ကၽြန္းကိုင္းမွီ၊ ကိုင္းကၽြန္းမွီ “ဆုိေသာစကားအရ စာေတြ႔ Theory ႏွင့္ လက္ေတြ႔ Practical တို႔သည္
တစ္ခုႏွင့္တစ္ခု အျပန္အလွန္ ဆက္သြယ္၊ မွီခို၊အက်ိဳးျပဳလ်က္ ရွိပါသည္။ ၂
မ်ိဳး စလံုး ျပည့္စံုကၽြမ္းက်င္လ်ွင္ အေကာင္းဆံုးျဖစ္ပါလိမ့္မည္။ ကရာေတးပညာတြင္ သာမက ဘာသာေရး၊ သာသနာေရး
အပါအဝင္ ပညာရပ္နယ္ပယ္အသီးသီးတို႔တြင္အျပန္အလွန္
ဆက္သြယ္အက်ိဳးျပဳလ်က္ရွိၿပီး လြန္စြာအေရးႀကီးလွပါသည္။
စာေတြ႔ လက္ေတြ႔ ေပါင္းစပ္ အားကုိးၾကပါ။ စာေတြ႔ လက္ေတြ႔ ေပါင္းစပ္ဆင္ျခင္မွ
စစ္မွန္ေသာေအာင္ျမင္ျခင္း ကုိ ရရွိနုိင္ေပမည္။
စစ္မွန္ေသာ စာေတြ႔ လက္ေတြ႔ ပူးေပါင္း ေဆာင္ရြက္မႈ မျပဳသမ်ွ၊
ေအာင္ျမင္ျခင္းႏွင့္ အလွမ္းေဝးေနမည္ ျဖစ္သည္။
စာေတြ႔၊ လက္ေတြ႔ (Theory and Practice) ကို ေပါင္းစပ္ ေလ့က်င့္ႏိုင္ဖုိ႔ သတိ ျပဳၾကေစခ်င္ပါသည္။
စာေတြ႔-လက္ေတြ႔ ဆက္စပ္ လုပ္တတ္ဖို႔လိုသည္။ စနစ္တက် လုပ္တတ္ဖို႔လိုသည္။
အခ်ိဳးညီညီ စုစုစည္းစည္း လုပ္တတ္ဖို႔လိုသည္။
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“Islands rely on reeds just as reeds rely on islands”
“Islands
is supposed to be reeds while reeds is supposed to be islands”
I
meant both islands and reeds have the benefits of a reciprocating connection.
Therefore,
by vice versa, both the value of theoretical and practical
knowledge had the benefits of a reciprocating connection. Both of them are
very important in everywhere in everything.
The
chicken or the egg causality dilemma is commonly stated as "which came first, the chicken
or the egg?" To ancient philosophers, the
question about the first chicken or egg also evoked the questions
of how life
and the universe in general began.
Whether
the chicken / hen (or) the egg came FIRST!
Many
people said Practice is more important
than Theory.
Many
scholars say Theory is more important than
Practical.
In
theory, there is no difference between practice and theory.
The
term "chicken-and-egg problem" is further commonly used to
describe a situation that is not a philosophical dilemma, but one
in which it is impossible to reach a certain desired outcome because a
necessary precondition is not satisfied, while to meet that precondition in
turn requires that the desired outcome has already been realized.
Which
came first, the chicken or the egg? A
circle has no beginning.
But
that
doesn’t stop us from asking.
For
example, it has been argued that the transformation to alternative
fuels for vehicles faces a chicken-and-egg problem: "it
is not economical for individuals to purchase vehicles using alternative fuels
absent sufficient refueling stations, and it is not economical for fuel sellers
to open stations absent sufficient alternative fuel vehicles". This
is closely related to the economic concept of vicious
circle, but in this kind of situation one that becomes a virtuous
circle upon reaching a tipping point. This phenomenon can be
explained and measured using the theory of bistability.
(In a dynamical system, bistability means the system has two stable
equilibrium states. Something that is bistable can be resting in either
of two states. These rest states need not be symmetric with respect to
stored energy.)
A scientific hypothesis is the initial building block in the scientific method. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. For a hypothesis to be a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it. Scientists generally base scientific hypotheses on previous observations that cannot satisfactorily be explained with the available scientific theories. Even though the words "hypothesis" and "theory" are often used synonymously, a scientific hypothesis is NOT the same as a scientific theory. A working hypothesis is a provisionally accepted hypothesis proposed for further research.
A
scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the
natural world that is acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and
confirmed
(reproducibility) through observation and experimentation. As with most (if
not all) forms of scientific knowledge, scientific theories are inductive in nature and aim
for predictive
power
and explanatory
capability.
Reproducibility is the ability of an entire experiment or study to be
reproduced, either by the researcher or by someone else working independently.
Reproducibility also refers to the degree of agreement between measurements or
observations conducted on replicate specimens in
different locations by different people, by different observation, as part of
the precision of a test method.
A
theory is not the same as a hypothesis. A theory provides
an explanatory framework for some observation and from the assumptions of the
explanation follows a number of possible hypotheses that can be tested in order
to provide support for, or challenge, the theory. A theory can be a body of knowledge, which may or may
not be associated with particular explanatory models. To theorize is to develop
this body of knowledge.
Hypothesis is before scientific testing. A hypothesis is an assumption to be tested.
The assumption is based on limited information, but the assumption would
explain some of the facts known. A theory is a
hypothesis that has been tested and explains many facts consistent with the
hypothesis.
A
theory is always backed by evidence; a hypothesis is only a suggested possible
outcome, and is testable and falsifiable. The master Einstein's theory of relativity is a theory because it has been tested
and verified innumerable times, with results consistently verifying Einstein's
conclusion.
As
additional scientific evidence is gathered, a scientific
theory may be rejected or modified if it does NOT fit the new empirical
findings- in such circumstances, a more accurate theory is then desired and FREE
of confirmation bias.
I
want to say practice without theory is blind, Theory without practice is
nothing. Theory and practice are reciprocal important. There is a reciprocal
relationship between theory and practice. Practice, or empirical analysis, can NOT
stand on its own without underlying theoretical questions (the why) that guide
the research. Theory and practice
are mutually beneficial exchange. As the famous Myanmar proverb puts it, “Islands rely on reeds
just as reeds rely on islands.”
A hypothesis is an attempt to explain phenomena. It is a
proposal, a guess used to understand and/or predict something. A theory is the
result of testing a hypothesis and developing an explanation that is assumed to
be true about something.
hypothesis and theory are brothers.
