Sensei 先生 Shihan
師範
Hanshi 範士 Kyoshi
教士 Renshi
錬士
Researched by- Myoma Myint Kywe
(Myint Kywe 師範)
(Myint Kywe 師範)
ဆိုရွိကိ ကရာေတးအသင္း
နည္းျပခ်ဳပ္
ဦးျမင့္ၾကြယ္ ( ၿမိဳ ႔မ
ျမင့္ၾကြယ္ )
システム 組織 空手ヘッドマスター
首席先生(組織 Soshiki) (松濤館 空手)
作家、歴史家,ラングーン（ヤンゴン）ビルマ（ミャンマー）
首席先生(組織 Soshiki) (松濤館 空手)
作家、歴史家,ラングーン（ヤンゴン）ビルマ（ミャンマー）
The founder of Shotokan Karate style, the supreme
master Funakoshi Gichin did not care
for the titles.
The only exception is 最初首席師範,最高師範,主席師範
Shuseki Shihan. When 日本 空手 協会 Japan Karate Association (JKA)
The only exception is 最初首席師範,最高師範,主席師範
Shuseki Shihan. When 日本 空手 協会 Japan Karate Association (JKA)
was founded between
1949 and 1955 he accepted to become the First Chief Instructor 最初首席師範. Even with this
title he resigned in 1956, a year before his passing.
Masatoshi Nakayama
sensei
and Asai sensei both held
首席師範 , 最高師範 , 主席師範 Shuseki
Shihan
positions.
Remark: 最高師範, 主席師範 (Saiko Shihan, Shuseki Shihan)
最高師範, 主席師範 Chief
Instructor, Highest Teacher, President
Teachers (Saiko Shihan, Shuseki Shihan)-
the most important organization
Gichin Funakoshi (船越 義珍 Funakoshi Gichin, 1868 –1957) is the founder of Shotokan Karate-Do, perhaps the most
widely known style of karate, and is attributed as being the "現代の空手の父
father of modern karate".
Following
the teachings of Anko
Itosu,
he was one of the Okinawan karate masters who introduced karate to the Japanese
mainland in 1922. He taught karate at various Japanese universities and became
honorary head of the Japan Karate Association upon its establishment
in 1949. His Notable students are Hironori Ōtsuka, Gigō Funakoshi (his son), Isao Obata, Shigeru Egami, Teruyuki Okazaki, Tetsuhiko Asai, Masatoshi Nakayama (First Chief
Instructor of JKA),
Yasuhiro Konishi,Hidetaka Nishiyama, Masutatsu
Oyama (Founder of Kyokushin Karate), Tsutomu Ohshima, Taiji Kase, Mitsusuke Harada, Hirokazu Kanazawa (Founder of Shotokan
Karate international), Won Kuk Lee (Founder of
Tang Soo Do), and General Choi
Hong Hi (Founder of Taekwondo)
Masatoshi Nakayama 中山 正敏 (1913 –1987) was an internationally renowned Japanese master of Shotokan karate. He helped establish
the Japan Karate Association (JKA) in 1949, and
wrote many textbooks on karate, which served to popularize his martial art. For almost 40
years, until his death in 1987, Master Nakayama worked to spread Shotokan
karate around the world. He was the first master in Shotokan history to attain
the rank of 9th dan while alive, and was
posthumously awarded the rank of 10th dan.
In May 1949, Nakayama, Isao Obata, and other colleagues
helped establish the Japan Karate Association (JKA). Funakoshi was
the formal head of the organization, with Nakayama appointed as Chief
Instructor. By 1951, Nakayama had been promoted to 3rd dan, and he held the
rank of 5th dan by 1955. In 1956, working with Teruyuki Okazaki, he restructured the
Shotokan karate training program to follow both traditional karate and methods
developed in modern sports sciences. In 1961,
Nakayama
was promoted to 8th dan—a remarkable
progression, in part made possible by the consensus-based system of higher dan
promotion in Japan at the time, according to Pat Zalewski.
Nakayama Shihan improved kata (patterns) and kumite (sparring) as tournament disciplines. Students of the large JKA dojo (training halls) subsequently achieved an unmatched series of tournament successes in the 1950s and 1960s.
Nakayama Shihan improved kata (patterns) and kumite (sparring) as tournament disciplines. Students of the large JKA dojo (training halls) subsequently achieved an unmatched series of tournament successes in the 1950s and 1960s.
Master
Nakayama is widely known for having worked to spread Shotokan karate throughout
the world. Together with other senior instructors, he formed the JKA instructor
trainee program. Many of this program's graduates were sent throughout the
world to form new Shotokan subgroups and increase membership.
Nakayama also held positions in the Physical Education department of Takushoku University, beginning in 1952, and eventually becoming head of that department. He also headed the ski team at the university.
Nakayama also held positions in the Physical Education department of Takushoku University, beginning in 1952, and eventually becoming head of that department. He also headed the ski team at the university.
Tetsuhiko Asai 浅井
哲彦 (1935-2006) was a
prominent Japanese master of Shotokan karate who was a former
Technical Director of the Japan Karate Association (JKA), founder and
Chief Instructor of the International Japan Martial Arts Karate Asai-ryu
(IJKA), and founder of the Japan Karate Shoto-Renmei (JKS; also known as the
Japan Karate Shoto Federation). In 1958, Master Asai graduated from Takushoku University, where he had
trained in karate under Master Gichin Funakoshi, Master Masatoshi Nakayama, and Master Teruyuki Okazaki.
The JKA was founded in May, 1949. By 1955,
the first headquarters dojo had been built at Yotsuya in Tokyo, and the first
JKA Chairman had been appointed: Saigo Kichinosuke, member of the upper house
of the Japanese Diet and grandson of Saigo Takamori, one of the greatest heroes
of Meiji Japan. In 1956, the JKA set up the first-ever karate specialist
instructor intern (kenshusei) training program at the headquarters dojo, and
accepted its first round of trainees.
This was the start of the finest karate instructor training program ever created, a program never matched or even approached by any other karate organization. It is through this program that the JKA has built up its unique cadre of distinguished karate instructors, all full-time salaried professionals whose numbers are consistently maintained at roughly twenty individuals.
This was the start of the finest karate instructor training program ever created, a program never matched or even approached by any other karate organization. It is through this program that the JKA has built up its unique cadre of distinguished karate instructors, all full-time salaried professionals whose numbers are consistently maintained at roughly twenty individuals.
On April 10,
1957,
the JKA became a legal entity when
Japan's Ministry of Education (now Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture) officially
recognized the JKA as an association of members for the pro- motion of karate
and the spread and enrichment of actual karate practice.
Some instructors ask me about these titles of the Japanese
martial arts.
Allow
me to explain about them. Let’s start with Sensei.
Sensei 先生 is a Japanese word that is
literally translated as "person born before another". In general
usage, it is used, with proper form, after a person's name, and means
"teacher", and the word is used as a title to refer to or
address teachers, professors, professionals such
as karate instructors, lawyers, doctors, politicians, clergymen, and other figures
of authority. The word is also used to
show respect to someone who has achieved a certain level of mastery in an art
form or some other skill: accomplished puppeteers, novelists, musicians, and artists for example are
addressed in this way.
Shihan 師範 is a Japanese term, often used in Japanese
martial arts
as an honorific title for expert or famous
senior instructor. The term is frequently used interchangeably with English terms such as
"master instructor". The
word Shihan is
generally defined in regular Japanese as senior instructor, teacher, or model.
In Japan, there are various groups, organizations, or situations where both Sensei (the much more commonly used of the two terms) and Shihan are used, and in such cases Shihan is generally used to mean senior instructor, senior teacher, etc. This is common in the martial arts, but both words are often used in other areas of Japanese life as well. Shihan means literally “to be a model” but it is only a formal word for sensei or senior instructor or teacher. So if you are teaching karate; for that matter any martial arts and non martial arts field, you can be addressed as shihan.
In Japan, there are various groups, organizations, or situations where both Sensei (the much more commonly used of the two terms) and Shihan are used, and in such cases Shihan is generally used to mean senior instructor, senior teacher, etc. This is common in the martial arts, but both words are often used in other areas of Japanese life as well. Shihan means literally “to be a model” but it is only a formal word for sensei or senior instructor or teacher. So if you are teaching karate; for that matter any martial arts and non martial arts field, you can be addressed as shihan.
Hanshi 範士 or sometimes Shihan (師範)
refers to the senior instructor of instructors or expert teacher. This title is
usually conferred at the 9th (kyudan) or 10th dan (jyudan) ranking, usually by
the senior leader or leadership of the organization. This title is given to a
senior instructor who has distinguished himself as a teacher of senior
teachers.
(which
may be awarded to 8th Dan and above over 60
years old 10 years after 8th Dan and 10 years after Kyoshi) (Time lines are
recommended, but at the discretion of the President)
The "Han" in Hanshi means "example, model" and indicates "a teacher that can serve as an ideal model for others", or a “senior master”. Hanshi may be awarded to the modern day rank of 8th and above.
The "Han" in Hanshi means "example, model" and indicates "a teacher that can serve as an ideal model for others", or a “senior master”. Hanshi may be awarded to the modern day rank of 8th and above.
Kyoshi 教士refers to a master instructor/teacher. It is
the second formal teaching rank. This title is usually awarded to one who has
achieved a rank of 7th or 8th degree black belt (nanadan (七段) or hachidan (八段). Kyoshi are
typically regarded as those who have distinguished themselves as expert
teachers or expert instructors
(which may be awarded
to 7th Dan and above over 50 years old
and 4 to 6 years after 7th Dan and 6 years after Renshi), (Time lines are
recommended, but at the discretion of the President)
The "Kyo" in Kyoshi means "professor" or "philosopher". Therefore, Kyoshi equals a "professor" capable of teaching the philosophy of the martial arts, in other words a chief teacher of the teachers.
Renshi 錬士
(which
may be awarded to 5th Dan and above, over
40 years old and at least 2 years after receiving 5th Dan) (Time lines are
recommended, but at the discretion of the President)
The character "Ren" means "polished, tempered" and "shi" means "person". Thus Renshi indicates a "polished instructor" or expert. Renshi may be awarded to the modern rank of 5th Dan or above.
The character "Ren" means "polished, tempered" and "shi" means "person". Thus Renshi indicates a "polished instructor" or expert. Renshi may be awarded to the modern rank of 5th Dan or above.
Senior teacher - often refers to an
advanced instructor. Renshi means "teacher" or "one who has
mastered himself." In many styles, it is awarded around the 5th degree godan
(五段)
or 6th degree rokudan (六段) black belt level.
Japanese Martial Arts Styles |
Japanese
|
Pronunciation
|
Kanji
|
English
|
Ryu
|
roo
|
流
|
Style or School
|
Aikido
|
eye-key-doh
|
合気道
|
The way of harmony, a Japanese martial art
|
Goju-ryu
|
goh-joo roo
|
剛柔流
|
Hard/Soft Style from Naha-te Okinawan karate
|
Iaido
|
eye-ay-doh
|
居合道
|
The Japanese art of drawing the sword
|
Isshin-ryu
|
ish-in roo
|
一心流
|
"The One Heart Way" style from the strengths of
Shorin-ryu & Goju-ryu Okinawan karate
|
Judo
|
joo-doh
|
柔道
|
The gentle way, a Japanese martial art
|
Ju-jutsu, Ju-jitsu
|
joo-jut-soo
|
柔術
|
The gentle art, self defence
|
Karate-do
|
kah-rah-tay-doh
|
空手道
|
The Way of the Empty Hand
|
Kempo, Kenpo
|
kem-poh, ken-poh
|
拳法
|
Fist principles, an Okinawan karate style
|
Kendo
|
ken-doh
|
剣道
|
The way of the sword, a Japanese martial art
|
Kobudo
|
koh-boo-doh
|
古武道
|
Old martial way. A weapons martial art
|
Kung-fu
|
kung-foo
|
功夫
|
Chinese martial arts
|
Matsubayashi-ryu
|
mat-soo-by-ashi roo
|
松林流
|
Pine Forest Style of Okinawan Shorin-ryu karate
|
Naha-te
|
nah-hah-tay
|
那覇手
|
One of the two main original Okinawan karate styles
|
Shiatsu
|
she-ah-tsoo
|
指圧
|
Meridian Massage
|
Shito-ryu
|
she-toh roo
|
糸東流
|
Combination of Naha-te & Suri-te Okinawan karate
|
Shorin-ryu
|
show-rin roo
|
小林流
|
Little Forest Style from Shuri-te Okinawan Karate
|
Shotokan
|
show-toh-kahn
|
松涛館
|
Famous Karate founded by Funakoshi Gichin
|
Shuri-ryu
|
shur-ee ryu
|
首里流
|
Okinawan/american style of karate
|
Shuri-te
|
shur-ee tay
|
首里手
|
One of the two main original Okinawan karate styles
|
Uechi-ryu
|
ee-chi roo
|
上地流
|
Way of Uechi, a Kung fu flavored Okinawan karate style
|
Wado-ryu
|
wah-doh roo
|
和道流
|
A Japanase style of Karate
|
Japanese
|
Pronunciation
|
Kanji
|
English
|
Arigato Gozaimasu
|
ah-ree-gah-toh goh-zai-mas
|
ありがとうございます
|
Thank You Very Much
|
Do Itashimas'te
|
doh-ee-tash-ee-ma-she-tay
|
どういたしまして
|
You're Welcome
|
Hajime
|
hah-jee-may
|
始め
|
Begin
|
Karate ni Sente Nashi
|
kah-rah-tay nee sen-tay nah-she
|
空手に先手なし
|
There is no first attack in karate.
|
Kawate
|
kah-wah-tay
|
On Guard
|
|
Kiotsuke
|
Kee-oh-skay
|
気を付け
|
Attention! Stand up straight!
|
Matte
|
mah-tay
|
待って
|
Wait
|
Mawatte
|
mah-wah-tay
|
回って
|
Turn Around
|
Mokuso
|
moh-koo-soh
|
黙想
|
Quiet Meditation
|
Onegai Shimasu
|
oh-neh-guy-she-mas
|
お願いします
|
Please (Teach Me)
|
Otagai ni
|
oh-tah-gah-ee nee
|
お互いに
|
Toward Each Other
|
Otagai ni Rei
|
oh-tah-gah-ee nee ray
|
お互いに礼
|
Bow to Each Other
|
Otagai ni Taishi
|
oh-tah-gah-ee nee ta(i)-sh(e)
|
お互いに対し
|
Face Each Other
|
Rei
|
ray
|
礼
|
Bow with Respect
|
Sensei ni Rey
|
sen-say nee ray
|
先生に礼
|
Bow to the Teacher
|
Sensei ni Taishi
|
sen-say nee ta(i)-sh(e)
|
先生に対し
|
Face the Teacher
|
Shomen ni Rei
|
shoh-men ni ray
|
正面に礼
|
Bow to the Front
|
Shomen ni Taishi
|
shoh-men nee ta(i)-sh(e)
|
正面に対し
|
Face the Front
|
Shugo
|
shoo-go
|
集合
|
Line Up, Gather together
|
Yame
|
yah-may
|
止め
|
Stop
|
Yoi
|
yoy
|
用意
|
Ready, Attention
|
Parts of the Body |
|
Japanese
|
Pronunciation
|
Kanji
|
English
|
Ago
|
ah-goh
|
顎
|
Chin, Jaw
|
Ashi
|
ah-she
|
足
|
Foot and/or Leg
|
Atama
|
ah-tah-mah
|
頭
|
Head
|
Hana
|
hah-nah
|
鼻
|
Nose
|
haisoku
|
hai-sow-koo
|
背足
|
Reverse Foot (Instep)
|
Haito
|
hai-tow
|
背刀
|
Reverse Knife Hand (Ridge Hand)
|
Heiken
|
平券
|
Flat Fist (Bear Paw)
|
|
Hiji, Empi
|
hee-jee, em-pee
|
肘, 猿臂
|
Elbow
|
hiraken
|
Hee-rah ken
|
四本拳
|
Four Finger Fist (Knuckles)
|
Hiza
|
he-zah
|
膝
|
Knee
|
Kakato
|
kah-kah-toe
|
踵
|
Heel
|
Karada/shin-, -mi
|
kah-rah-dah/ shin-, -mi
|
体, 身
|
Body, prefix/suffix for Body
|
Ken
|
ken
|
拳
|
Fist
|
Koshi
Josokutei zenzoku |
koh-shee
joh-soh-koo-tay zen-zoh-koo |
中足
上足底 前足 |
Middle Foot (Ball of Foot)
Raised Sole Ball of Foot |
Koshi
|
koh-she
|
腰
|
Hips
|
Kubi
|
koo-bee
|
首
|
Neck
|
Kumade
|
koo-mah-day
|
熊手
|
Bear Hand (Tiger Claw)
|
Me
|
meh
|
目
|
Eye
|
Mune
|
moo-neh
|
胸
|
Chest
|
Nakadaka ken
|
Nah-kah dah-kah ken
|
中指一本拳
|
Middle Finger Fist (Knuckle)
|
Nodo
|
noh-doe
|
咽, 喉
|
Throat
|
Nukite
|
noo-key-tay
|
貫手
|
Spear Hand
|
Oya-yubi Ippon-ken
|
Oiyah-yoo-bee ee-pohn ken
|
親指一本拳
|
Thumb Fist (Thumb Knuckle)
|
Seiken
|
say-ken
|
正拳
|
Proper Fist, Straight Fist, (Front 2 Knuckle Punch)
|
Shinkei
|
shin-keh
|
神経
|
Nerve
|
Shuto
|
shoo-tow
|
手刀
|
Knife Hand
|
Soku
|
soh-koo
|
足
|
Foot
|
Sokutei
|
soh-koo-tay
|
足底
|
Sole of the Foot
|
Sokuto
|
Soh-koo-toe
|
足刀
|
Foot Blade, Foot Edge
|
Suigetsu
|
Soo-ee-geh-tsoo
|
水月
|
Solar Plexus (lit. Water Moon)
|
Sune
|
su-nay
|
脛
|
Shin
|
Te
|
tay
|
手
|
Hand
|
Teisho
|
tay-show
|
掌底
|
Palm Heel
|
Tekubi
|
tay-koo-bee
|
手首
|
Wrist
|
Tettsui
|
teh-tsu-ee
|
鉄槌
|
Iron Hammer (Hammer Fist)
|
Toriguchi
|
鶏口
|
Chicken Beak (Finger Tips)
|
|
Tsumasaki
|
tsoo-mah-sah-key
|
爪先
|
Tips of the Toes
|
Ude
|
oo-day
|
腕
|
Forearm
|
Uraken
|
oo-ra-ken
|
裏拳
|
Back Fist
|
Wanto
|
wahn-tow
|
腕刀
|
Sword Arm (Side of forearm)
|
Yubi
|
yoo-bee
|
指
|
Finger
|
Ref:
http://26.yun285.cf/?cdf=Y29tbW9uCy53aWtpbWVkaWEub3JnL3Dpa2kvQ2f0ZWDvCnk6sGlzDG9yaWfuCz91C2VSYW5nPXpoLWhR
http://www.altiusdirectory.com/Society/historians-list.html
http://www.traditional-karate.com/karate/terms.html#TOP
http://karatecoaching.com/what-a-heck-are-shihan-kyoshi-hanshi-renshi-etc/
